DNPI / Buyers and investors

Pre-purchase property check in Barcelona

We check the apartment, house, commercial unit or building before you sign the deposit contract. You get a written report: what the documents confirm, what raises questions and what to ask the notary and your lawyer.

Updated 26 October 2026

Publisher: DNPI CAPITAL S.L. · registry details and responsibility

Why check before the deposit

A purchase in Spain is usually secured with a deposit contract (contrato de arras). With arras penitenciales, a buyer who walks away loses the deposit. That is why anything that could stop the purchase or change the price is better found before you sign, not between the deposit and the notary. The types of deposit are explained in the article on arras contracts.

What we check

AreaWhat we look atSource
Title and chargesOwner, mortgages, attachments, easements, resale restrictionsNota simple from the Land Registry
Area and descriptionWhether area, use and description match in the Registry, Cadastre and listingRegistry, Cadastre, listing
Use and licencesWhether it is a dwelling on paper, whether it has a cédula de habitabilitat; whether the planned works or a change of use are feasibleCity council, seller's documents
Building and communitySeller's debts to the community, approved and pending levies, the building technical inspectionAdministrator's certificate, meeting minutes
OccupantsWhether there is a tenancy or occupation without title and what it means for the buyerSeller's documents, visit
ConditionOn-site visit: damp, building services, visible structural issuesDNPI visit
RenovationCost and time range for your goal; which works need a permitContractor's estimate
PriceComparable sales and listings, negotiation argumentsMarket data, our analysis
Purchase costsTransfer tax or VAT, notary, registry and gestoríaDNPI calculator, ATC

What you get

A written report in English, Spanish or Russian:

  • what the documents confirm;
  • red flags: what could stop the deal or change the price;
  • renovation cost and time range;
  • negotiation arguments;
  • questions to put to the notary and your lawyer before the deposit.

The decision to buy is yours. If you go ahead, we can manage the project further; how that works is on the page about working with investors. If you walk away, the report stays with you.

What the check does not replace

DNPI is not a notary or a law firm. We gather and review the documents, but the legal opinion on the transaction comes from the notary and the buyer's abogado; the report lists the questions to pass on to them. The check does not guarantee there are no hidden defects: some only show when walls are opened or in documents the seller does not have.

How it works

  1. You send the listing link or address and your goal: live in it, let it, or sell after renovation.
  2. We quote the price and timing of the check. Until you agree, you pay nothing.
  3. We obtain the registry extract and cadastral data, request documents from the seller or agency and arrange the visit.
  4. We send the report and go through it with you by phone or video call.

Timing depends mostly on how quickly the seller provides documents.

Price

It depends on the type of property and the scope: apartment, house, commercial unit or building. We quote it before starting. The service is invoiced by DNPI; the purchase money stays with you.

If for now you only need a price indication, send the property through the property valuation.

Frequently asked questions

When should I order the check?

Before signing the deposit contract. After the deposit it still helps before the notary, but walking away without loss is harder.

Can you check a property while I am abroad?

Yes. We obtain the documents ourselves, visit without you and send you photographs.

Do you check properties you did not find?

Yes. We check properties in Barcelona and the surrounding area, whether you found them yourself, through an agency or from a developer.

Does it replace the notary and the lawyer?

No. The legal opinion comes from the notary and the abogado. We prepare questions and documents for them.

What if the check finds a problem?

The report says whether it can be fixed, what it costs and how it affects the price. The decision stays with you.

Property due diligence in Spain: what to verify before the deposit

Property due diligence in Spain is the set of legal, planning and technical checks that confirm who owns a property, what charges sit on it, what it may legally be used for and what it will cost to own. Done before the arras deposit, it lets a buyer walk away or renegotiate the purchase price without losing money.

The legal due diligence checklist

  • Property ownership and encumbrances. A fresh nota simple from the property registry shows the owner, mortgages, attachments (embargos, the Spanish equivalent of a lien) and easements. It is informative, so it is obtained again just before signing.
  • Outstanding debts. IBI receipts and a certificate from the community administrator on community fees and approved levies. In an urbanisation, debts to the EUC go with the property to the new owner.
  • Habitability and energy. The cédula de habitabilitat, valid for 15 years under Decree 141/2012; without it a home in Catalonia cannot be let. The seller also provides the energy performance certificate.
  • The building. The technical inspection (ITE) and planned works in the community minutes.
  • The seller. If the seller is non-resident, the buyer must withhold 3% of the price on Modelo 211.

Urban planning compliance and the town hall

Planning compliance means the property's legal status matches what you see. Works done without a licence, a pool or an extension, a commercial unit used as a flat without a change of use: each is checked against the town hall's records and the Catastro description. In Barcelona an entire residential building is subject to pre-emption rights, so its sale must be notified. When the area in the Registry, the Catastro and on site differ, the difference is resolved before the price is agreed. Real estate due diligence on a building also covers the use of each unit and any tenants. This legal check is where problems in property transactions usually show up.

Why an independent lawyer still matters

DNPI gathers and reviews the documents, but it is not a law firm and does not give legal advice. The legal opinion on the transaction comes from the buyer's own abogado, an independent lawyer working under Spanish law; real estate lawyers in Spain review the arras terms, the deed and any conditions. Legal certainty comes at the end of the process: once the deed is entered in the Land Registry, the buyer is protected against third parties, including later charges, and the registrar decides within 15 days of the document being logged. The glossary explains each document and the real estate law terms around it.

Due diligence for international buyers and non-residents

A foreign buyer buying property in Spain needs an NIE, evidence of the source of funds and, if absent at signing, a power of attorney. Keep the property deeds and invoices from the purchase and works: the gain on a later sale, and the capital gains tax on it, are calculated from them. The due diligence process does not uncover all hidden liabilities; some defects only show when walls are opened. To protect your investment, the report lists the questions to put to your lawyer before you pay the deposit. A property valuation answers the separate question of price.

Frequently asked questions

How can I verify the ownership and registered details of a property in Spain?

Request a nota simple from the Land Registry: it shows the registered owner, the description and the charges. Compare it with the seller’s identity, the cadastral data and the property on site. Anyone can request it online; it is informative, so a fresh one is obtained before signing.

How do I check whether a property has debts or encumbrances?

Mortgages, attachments and easements appear on the nota simple. Debts that are not registered are checked separately: the latest IBI receipts, a certificate from the community administrator and, in an urbanisation, the EUC fees, which pass to the new owner.

How do I check that a property complies with planning rules and has its licences?

Compare the permitted use and the registered description with what is actually built, and ask the town hall about licences for past works and any planned change of use. A home should have a valid cédula de habitabilitat; without it, it cannot be let in Catalonia.

What documents should I review before buying real estate in Spain?

The nota simple, cadastral data, the seller’s title deed, IBI receipts, the community certificate and minutes, the ITE report, the cédula de habitabilitat, the energy performance certificate, any lease, and the licences for past works. For a building, also whether the pre-emption notice applies.

What should I check about the owners’ community and building condition?

Whether the seller owes community fees, which levies are approved or pending, what works the minutes mention and what the building technical inspection found. Approved levies can fall on the new owner, so they belong in the price negotiation and, where needed, in a condition of the property purchase contract.

What changes if the seller is a non-resident?

The buyer must withhold 3% of the agreed price and pay it to the tax agency on Modelo 211. It is an advance on the seller’s tax, and the obligation sits with the buyer, so it is built into the deed and the payment at completion.

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